CREATE EXTENSION ltree;
create table my_table (
id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
name TEXT NOT NULL,
path ltree);
insert into my_table values
(1, 'один', '1'),
(2, 'два', '1.2'),
(3, 'три', '1.2.3'),
(4, 'четыре', '4');
select * from my_table where POSITION('.'::ltree in path) = 0;