-- Hint: use Ctrl+Enter for SQL autocomplete
CREATE TABLE records (
id serial,
fields int[]
);
INSERT INTO records VALUES (2,array[1,2,3]), (3, array[4,2,1]);
CREATE TABLE fields (
id serial,
name varchar(64) NOT NULL
);
INSERT INTO fields (name) VALUES ('Давление'), ('Пульс'), ('Боль'), ('Радость');
SELECT records.id, array_agg(name) AS names
FROM records
LEFT JOIN fields ON fields.id = ANY(records.fields)
GROUP BY records.id;