create table a (val varchar(100) not null );
insert into a values ('1');
insert into a values ('');
select * from a;
create table b (id int, val varchar(100));
insert into b values (1, '');
insert into b values (2, null);
insert into b values (3, 'v3');
select id, val as "val is null" from b where val is null;
select id, val as "val = null" from b where val='';
select id, val as "val is not null" from b where val is not null;